Preface Preface to the CD ROM Version vii
Chapter 1: Introduction to Facial Measurement 1
Purpose and Overview 1
Terminology 2
Learning Procedure 5
How to Interpret the Illustrations of Muscles 6
How to Read the AU Sections 6
Introduction to the Reference Sections 11
Chapter 2: Upper Face Action Units 15
Action Unit 4 – Brow Lowerer 17
Action Unit 1 – Inner Brow Raiser 20
Action Unit 2 – Outer Brow Raiser 22
Action Unit 5 – Upper Lid Raiser 24
Action Unit 7 – Lid Tightener 28
Action Unit 6 – Cheek Raiser and Lid Compressor 31
Introduction to AUs 43, 45, 46 35
Action Unit 43 – Eye Closure - Optional 36
Action Unit 45 – Blink - Optional 39
Action Unit 46 – Wink – Optional 40
Subtle Differences Among Single Action Units in the Upper Face 41
Action Unit Combinations in the Upper Face 43
Action Unit Combination 4+5 44
Action Unit Combination 5+7 48
Action Unit Combination 1+4 51
Action Unit Combination 1+2 54
Action Unit Combination 1+2+4 56
Action Unit Combination 1+2+5 59
Action Unit Combinations 6+43E, 7+43E 62
Other Action Unit Combinations in the Upper Face 65
Subtle Differences Involving Action Units in the Upper Face 67
Facial Action Coding System
ii
Alternative Rules Involving Upper Face Actions 71
Chapter 3: Scoring Upper Face Action Units 73
Notation 73
Score Sheet 73
Scoring Procedure 74
Summary of Scoring Steps 80
Interrelationship Among Scoring Steps 81
A Warning 81
Examples of Scoring 81
Final Advice Before Scoring 87
Practice Scoring 87
Chapter 4: Lower Face Action Units – Up/Down Actions 91
Action Unit 9 – Nose Wrinkler 93
Action Unit 10 – Upper Lip Raiser 95
Action Unit 17 – Chin Raiser 98
Action Unit 15 – Lip Corner Depressor 100
Action Units 25, 26, 27 – Lips Part, Jaw Drop, Mouth Stretch 103
Action Units 16 and 16+25 – Lower Lip Depressor 113
Subtle Differences Among Single Up/Down Action Units in the Lower Face 118
Action Unit Combinations Involving Up/Down Actions 120
Action Unit Combination – 9+16+25 121
Action Unit Combination – 10+16+25 126
Action Unit Combination – 9+17 130
Action Unit Combinations – 10+15, 10+17, 15+17, 10+15+17 133
Other Action Unit Combinations Involving Up/Down Actions 138
Practice Scoring 139
Subtle Differences Involving Up/Down Actions in the Lower Face 141
Alternative Rules Involving Up/Down Actions 144
Chapter 5: Lower Face Action Units – Horizontal Actions 145
Action Unit 20 – Lip Stretcher 146
Action Unit 14 – Dimpler 148
Subtle Differences Among Single Horizontal Action Units in the Lower Face 151
Action Unit Combinations Involving Horizontal and Up/Down Actions 153
Action Unit Combinations – 20+26, 20+27 154
Action Unit Combination – 10+14 159
Action Unit Combination – 14+17 162
Action Unit Combination – 10+20+25 165
Practice Scoring 169
Facial Action Coding System
iii
Subtle Differences Involving Horizontal Actions in the Lower Face 171
Chapter 6: Lower face Action U
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31.12.10 в 23:42
