cosinus: переводы

→These sceptics claim experimental evidence, obtained by
presenting a large range of coloured chips to native speakers of many
languages, that there are strong universals in the way humans partition
the spectrum.

→But (this is an aspect of our 'selfish
Cooperator' argument) biochemical processes become geared not only to
the external world but to each other.

→The Oxford
English Dictionary quotes a 1616 reference to the Heisugge (archaic word
for hedge sparrow or dunnock) as 'a bird which hatcheth the Cuckooes
egges'.

→Perhaps 'read-out' captures it better than 'description'.

→It lies not in the DNA of any one individual but
collectively in the DNA - the selfish cooperators - of the whole breeding
population.

→This is another
aspect of our doctrine of 'the selfish cooperator'.

→Personification is
sometimes a useful device, and for critics to accuse us of taking it
literally is almost as stupid as taking it literally in the first place.

→'Molecular clock' refers to the observation that certain biological
molecules change at a rather fixed rate over the millions of years.

→The controversial
matter is whether the branch points in the divergence of all the major
phyla are concentrated in the Cambrian - the branch point explosion
hypothesis.

→These
founders also branch, but do so via slightly closer long-jump variants,
yielding branches from, each founder of a phylum to dissimilar daughter
species, the founders of classes.

→Kauffman is even more explicit in a later chapter.

→For a new body plan - a new phylum - to spring into
existence, what actually has to happen on the ground is that a child is
born which suddenly, out of the blue, is as different from its parents as a
snail is from an earthworm.

→Nature suddenly sprang forth with many wildly different body
plans - the phyla - elaborating on these basic designs to form the classes,
orders, families, and genera ...

→As a rule, it was the fittest who perished, the mis-fits, forced by failure to
emigrate to unsettled niches, who altered their structure and prospered.

→But what on earth have such matters got to do with mass extinctions?
Nothing at all.

→There is all the difference in the world between rapid gradualism and
macromutational saltation.

→There are two
things that might happen.

→This last
theory needs more explanation, and I'll come to it in a moment.

→Is natural selection externalist or internalist? It depends
whether you are talking about adaptation to the external environment or
co-adaptation of the parts to each other.

→Gould's eternally unresolved questions in palaeontology are three in
number: Does time have a directional arrow? Is the driving motor of
evolution internal or external? Does evolution proceed gradually or in
sudden jumps? Historically, he finds examples of palaeontologists who
have espoused all eight possible combinations of answers to these three
questions, and he satisfies himself that they straddle the Darwinian
revolution as though it never happened.